Alopecia Areata Treatment: Medical, Natural & Lifestyle Therapy

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss in certain body parts. This agonizing ailment affects millions worldwide, regardless of age or gender. 

While the reason is unknown, several therapeutic options have been established to control symptoms and encourage hair regeneration. This TH Cosmetic‘s article delves into the three major therapy categories for alopecia areata: medical procedures, natural remedies, and lifestyle therapies. 

Recognizing the Symptoms

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune disorder that leads to sudden and unpredictable hair loss in round or oval patches on the scalp or other body parts. Diagnosing this condition involves recognizing the symptoms and consulting a dermatologist for a proper evaluation.

• Hair loss patterns: The hallmark symptom of Alopecia Areata is the sudden appearance of one or more round or oval patches of hair loss on the scalp or body. These patches are usually smooth, without scaling or inflammation. 
• Associated symptoms: Apart from hair loss, individuals with Alopecia Areata generally do not experience any other physical symptoms. However, some people may report mild itching or tingling in the affected area before the hair loss occurs. 

Consultation with a Dermatologist

If you suspect you have Alopecia Areata or notice unusual hair loss patterns, it is essential to consult a dermatologist for a proper evaluation. The dermatologist will conduct a thorough examination to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other possible causes of hair loss.

• Physical examination: During the physical examination, the dermatologist will examine the affected areas of the scalp or body where hair loss has occurred. They may use a dermatoscopy, a handheld instrument that allows a magnified view of the skin and hair follicles, to assess the hair loss pattern more closely.
• Medical history: The dermatologist will also take a detailed medical history, asking about any past medical conditions, family history of autoimmune diseases, recent illnesses, or significant life events that might be associated with hair loss.
• Diagnostic tests: While Alopecia Areata can usually be diagnosed based on clinical examination and medical history, the dermatologist may perform additional tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other possible conditions:

• Pull test: In this test, the dermatologist gently pulls on a few hairs to see if they come out easily, which is typical in Alopecia Areata.
• Scalp biopsy: A small skin sample from the affected area may be examined under a microscope to rule out other potential causes of hair loss.
• Blood tests: Though not always necessary, blood tests may be conducted to check for any underlying autoimmune conditions or nutritional deficiencies that could contribute to hair loss.

It’s important to remember that Alopecia Areata is unpredictable and has no definitive cure. However, a dermatologist can offer various treatment options to help stimulate hair regrowth and manage the condition. Early diagnosis and intervention may improve the chances of successful treatment.

Medical Alopecia Areata Treatment

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss in regions on the scalp or elsewhere on the body. For this illness, there are numerous medicinal therapies available, each with its unique mode of action and precautions. Let’s take a closer look at them:

Topical Corticosteroids

• How they work: Topical corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications that help suppress the immune response in the affected areas. By reducing inflammation, they aim to halt the autoimmune attack on hair follicles, allowing hair regrowth.
• Application: Topical corticosteroids are typically available as creams, ointments, lotions, or foams. They are directly applied to the affected areas of the scalp or skin once or twice daily, as prescribed by the healthcare provider.
• Precautions: Prolonged use of potent topical corticosteroids can lead to skin thinning, discoloration, and other side effects. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and not apply the medication on broken skin or near the eyes.

Intralesional Corticosteroid Injections

• How they work: In intralesional corticosteroid injections, a corticosteroid solution is injected directly into the bald areas. This method allows the drug to be delivered directly to the damaged hair follicles, decreasing inflammation and boosting hair regeneration.
• Application: A dermatologist administers the injections, typically spaced a few weeks apart. The dosage and frequency depend on the severity and extent of the hair loss.
• Precautions: Although generally safe, there may be risks of mild pain, local skin reactions, or very rarely, systemic side effects from the corticosteroid entering the bloodstream.

Systemic Corticosteroids

• How they work: Systemic corticosteroids are medications used orally or intravenously that suppress the whole immune system response, including the autoimmune attack on hair follicles. They are normally reserved for severe cases of Alopecia Areata.
• Application: Systemic corticosteroids are prescribed by a physician in specific doses and treatment courses. They are not a first-line treatment due to the risk of systemic side effects.
• Precautions: Long-term usage of systemic corticosteroids can result in serious adverse effects such as weight gain, mood changes, increased susceptibility to infections, osteoporosis, and other complications. They are typically intended for emergency usage only.

Minoxidil

• How they work: Minoxidil is a topical medicine that increases blood flow to hair follicles and lengthens the growth phase of the hair cycle. While the precise process is unknown, it is supposed to encourage hair regrowth in certain people.
• Application: Minoxidil is available as a solution or foam and is applied directly to the scalp in the affected areas. It is typically used twice daily.
• Precautions:If not used appropriately, minoxidil can cause scalp irritation or unwanted hair growth on other places of the body. It may take several months to see obvious improvements, and hair regrowth does not always occur.

Anthralin

• How they work: Anthralin is a topical drug that is considered to restore normal immunological function in the afflicted region. It promotes hair regrowth by lowering inflammation and fostering a balanced immune response surrounding the hair follicles.
• Application: Anthralin is applied as a cream, ointment, or paste to the affected areas and left on for a specific period, as directed by the dermatologist. It is then washed off to prevent skin irritation.
• Precautions: Anthralin can irritate the skin and may cause temporary skin discoloration. It is essential to follow the instructions carefully and avoid contact with healthy skin or eyes.

Natural and Alternative Treatments

Essential Oils

While essential oils cannot cure alopecia areata, they can be used as a supplement to encourage hair growth and improve the general health of the scalp. It should be noted that essential oils should not be used in place of medical advice or recommended therapies.

• Lavender oil: Lavender oil is known for its soothing properties. When applied to the scalp, it may help reduce stress and anxiety, which could be beneficial for managing alopecia areata triggered or exacerbated by stress. 
• Rosemary oil: Rosemary oil has been traditionally used for hair care due to its potential to improve blood circulation to the scalp. This increased blood flow could provide more nutrients to the hair follicles and promote hair growth. 
• Peppermint oil: Peppermint oil has a cooling and stimulating effect on the scalp. It may help improve blood flow to the hair follicles, promoting hair growth and overall scalp health. Like lavender and rosemary oils, peppermint oil is often used in hair care products to support growth.

Herbal Supplements

Alopecia areata is a medical condition that causes hair loss, and while there is no definitive cure, some herbal supplements have been suggested to support hair health and growth potentially.

• Saw Palmetto: Saw palmetto is extracted from the Serenoa repens plant’s fruit and is often used to promote prostate health in males. According to some research, saw palmetto may help reduce the activity of an enzyme called 5-alpha-reductase, which transforms testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). 
• Ginseng: Ginseng is a well-known herb that is said to provide several health advantages. It’s thought to have anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating characteristics that might help with alopecia areata. The illness is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system assaults the hair follicles. 
• Biotin: Biotin, commonly known as vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that helps to keep hair, skin, and nails healthy. While a lack of biotin can cause hair loss, there is insufficient evidence to support its use as a therapy for alopecia areata in those with normal biotin levels. 

Aloe Vera

Aloe Vera is a succulent plant known for its soothing properties and has been used for various skin and hair conditions.

Soothing Properties

To help soothe an inflamed scalp, Aloe Vera includes vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and amino acids. The gel derived from the Aloe Vera plant contains anti-inflammatory and cooling properties, which may help to ease the itching and pain that are common with alopecia areata.

Application for Hair Growth

While the usefulness of Aloe Vera in encouraging hair development has not been scientifically verified, some people say it enhances hair health. The gel moisturizes the scalp and hair follicles, producing a better environment for hair development. 

Furthermore, Aloe Vera includes proteolytic enzymes that may aid in the healing and strengthening hair strands.

Lifestyle and Dietary Changes

Stress Management

Stress may have a negative influence on hair health, causing problems including hair loss, thinning, and dullness. When we are anxious, our bodies create more cortisol, a hormone that can interfere with the natural hair growth cycle. 

Here are some useful stress-reduction techniques:

• Meditation and Mindfulness: Practicing meditation and mindfulness can help reduce stress levels by promoting relaxation and improving focus. Taking a few minutes each day to meditate or practice deep breathing can significantly alleviate stress.
• Regular Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity is an excellent way to reduce stress. Exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifters and can help combat the effects of stress on the body.
• Yoga: Yoga combines physical postures with breathing techniques and can be very effective in reducing stress and promoting overall well-being.
• Hobbies and Relaxation Techniques: Engaging in hobbies or activities that you enjoy, such as reading, gardening, or painting, can provide an outlet for stress and help you unwind.
• Social Support: Talking to friends, family, or a therapist about your feelings can help alleviate stress by providing emotional support and a fresh perspective on your problems.

Balanced Diet for Hair Growth

A balanced diet rich in specific nutrients is crucial for promoting healthy hair growth. Some of the essential nutrients for hair health include:

• Protein: Hair is primarily composed of a protein called keratin, so a diet rich in protein sources like lean meats, eggs, legumes, and dairy products is essential for healthy hair growth.
• Iron: Iron deficiency can lead to hair loss, so including iron-rich foods like spinach, lentils, tofu, and lean red meat is important.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These healthy fats can nourish the scalp and hair follicles, found in foods like fatty fish (salmon, mackerel), chia seeds, and flaxseeds.
• Vitamin C: Helps in the absorption of iron and aids collagen production, found in citrus fruits, strawberries, and bell peppers.
• Biotin: This B-vitamin is essential for hair strength and can be found in eggs, nuts, and sweet potatoes.

Foods to Include and Avoid

Include: Incorporate a variety of nutrient-dense foods into your diet, such as:

• Leafy greens like spinach and kale for iron and vitamin C.
• Fatty fish for omega-3 fatty acids and protein.
• Nuts and seeds for biotin, zinc, and healthy fats.
• Eggs for protein, biotin, and other essential nutrients.
• Colorful fruits and vegetables for vitamins and antioxidants.

Avoid: Limit the consumption of unhealthy foods that can negatively impact hair health, such as:

• Highly processed and sugary foods that can lead to nutritional deficiencies and inflammation.
• Excessive caffeine and alcohol, which can dehydrate the body and affect nutrient absorption.
• Trans fats and unhealthy oils found in fried and processed foods.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can Alopecia Areata be cured permanently?

Currently, there is no definitive cure for Alopecia Areata. However, some treatments may help promote hair regrowth and manage the condition effectively.

How quickly does hair loss progress in Alopecia Areata?

Alopecia Areata hair loss development varies from person to person. In certain circumstances, it may happen quickly, resulting in widespread hair loss, but in others, it may happen gradually or even settle without additional hair loss.

Are there any side effects of topical corticosteroids?

Side effects of topical corticosteroids include skin irritation, thinning of the skin, and changes in skin color. Following your healthcare provider’s recommendations and utilizing medications as directed is critical.

What is the success rate of JAK inhibitors in treating Alopecia Areata?

JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitors have shown promising results in treating Alopecia Areata, with some patients experiencing significant hair regrowth. However, the success rate can vary depending on factors such as the individual’s response to treatment and the severity of the condition.

Can stress trigger Alopecia Areata?

While the exact cause of Alopecia Areata is not fully understood, stress is considered one of the potential triggers that may exacerbate the condition in individuals who are already predisposed to it.

How can I camouflage hair loss during treatment?

Various methods to camouflage hair loss during treatment include using hair fibers, wigs, scarves, or hairpieces. Consulting with a hairstylist experienced in working with clients dealing with hair loss can also be beneficial.

Are there any age restrictions for certain treatments?

Some Alopecia Areata therapies may have age limits owing to probable adverse effects or a lack of research on their impact on specific age groups. It is critical to talk with a healthcare practitioner to decide the best treatment choice for you, depending on your age and personal circumstances.

Can I use natural treatments alongside medical therapies?

Using natural remedies in conjunction with medical therapy should be explored with a healthcare practitioner. While certain natural therapies may supplement conventional treatments, it is critical to ensure that they do not interact with or cause harmful effects to prescription pharmaceuticals.

Does insurance cover Alopecia Areata treatment?

Insurance coverage for Alopecia Areata treatment varies based on the individual insurance plan and the therapies involved. Some treatments might be covered, while others might not. It’s best to check with your insurance provider to see what your policy covers.

Conclusion

Medical therapies such as corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and topical medications have proven beneficial in treating the illness. Natural therapies, such as essential oils and herbal supplements, have promising effects and are favored by individuals looking for alternatives. 

Furthermore, lifestyle treatments such as stress management and nutritional changes are important in maintaining general well-being and affecting hair regeneration.

Thank you for taking the time to read this!